Chapter Overview
The Cold War was satellite war between the only two superpowers that remained after the second world war, being the United States of America against the Soviet Union and all of its satellite nations which it ruled from Moscow with the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, USSR. The feud between the two formerly allied nation in the second world war turned negative during post world war peace conferences, when espionage and suspicion escalated into rivalry and competition for the globe. With the United States purportedly spreading democracy and the Soviet Union spreading Communism, these rivaling theologies brought about the two nations to strategically attempt the other from spreading their philosophy. This conflict never directly began between the two superpowers though they had remote conflicts where both sides were supporting opposing forces in a regional conflict. The lack of conflict added to the development and acceleration of the arms race and competition in the space race.
Top Ten People
1. Joseph Stalin
Soviet leader of the USSR whom turned Russia into a socialist state. In which Stalin enacts the five-year plan. After the death of Lenin a party wide vote for the successor after Lenin left no clear protege Stalin wins the election through bribes and promises. Once in office consolidated political power in Russia circumventing the Lenin era government.
1879-1953
Ruler who came out Bolshevik revolution. Became extremely suspicious of other leaders purging the heads of the military every two or three years.
2. Ronald Reagan
The 40th President of the U.S. took great measures to take the Soviet Union down. He is famous for standing at Brandenburg Gate and saying, "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall." Reagan was the second to last President in the Cold War.
1911-2004
Reagan opened up many talks with Premier Gorbachev which went hand in hand with the new policies in the USSR.
3. John F. Kennedy
The 35th President of the U.S. witnessed firsthand the real possibilities of intercontinental war through the acts of the USSR, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Space Race, and the construction of the Berlin Wall.
1917-1963
John F. Kennedy was fighting the Cold War on many sides from Berlin to Cuba to even space.
4. Nikita Khrushchev
A more "liberal" Soviet leader after Stalin, Khrushchev introduced de-Stalinization. Khrushchev's policies earned the nickname of his reign as the Khrushchev Thaw.
1894-1971
Although Khrushchev sought much peace in the USSR, he had many foreign policies that did not go well with the U.S., such as putting nuclear warheads on Cuba and erecting the Berlin Wall.
5. Leonid Brezhnev
Secretary General to the Soviet Union. Leader of the soviet Union in foreign affairs, while attempting to spread Communism became involved in the Middle-East though could not defeat the Afghani resistance in the Middle East. Attempted as well to meet with western governments to maintain the USSR as a superpower.
1964-1982
Failed in making the Russia influential in western politics.
6. Mikhail Gorbachev
The first and only President of the Soviet Union and the last leader of the Soviet Union, Gorbachev was what gave many satellite nations hope when he set them free, so to speak.
1931-
Gorbachev offered many new reforms to the Soviet Union, such as Glasnost and Perestroika, he also opened relations up to the U.S., set satellite nations to be led by themselves.7. Boris Yeltzin
Russia's first elected president. Supported free market economics, though the economy failed and maintained a poor condition, it was welcomed by citizens who saw it as a no go back point to communism.
r. 1991-1999
was succeeded by Vladimir Putin who returned to Conservative Russia customs.
8. Mao Zedong
Communist leader of China from a successful coup from over throwing the pro-American imperialist government lead by Chiang Kai-Shek. Mao Zedong is responsible for mass starvation of Chinese. Mao would also suppress protest violently exemplary in Tienanmen square where thousands were killed.
1893-1976
China becomes a Communist state with support of the Soviet Union.
9. Margret Thatcher
First Female Prime Minister. Also first prime minister to serve three consecutive terms. Known as the Iron Lady for her firm laws and inflexibility while dealing with the Soviet Union. Made strides towards improving England's economy which was still suffering from post world war two devastation.
b. 1925 r. 1979-1990
conservative leader of England who dealt with the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
10. Charles de Gaulles
While the Vichy Government was in place in France lead the resistance movement against the Germans. Led the fifth republic in France as the President. Also aided in De-colonization of Africa helping the natives to be released from European rule.
b. 1890 r.1959-1969
Liberated France from the Nazis, and also freed many African countries.
Soviet leader of the USSR whom turned Russia into a socialist state. In which Stalin enacts the five-year plan. After the death of Lenin a party wide vote for the successor after Lenin left no clear protege Stalin wins the election through bribes and promises. Once in office consolidated political power in Russia circumventing the Lenin era government.
1879-1953
Ruler who came out Bolshevik revolution. Became extremely suspicious of other leaders purging the heads of the military every two or three years.
2. Ronald Reagan
The 40th President of the U.S. took great measures to take the Soviet Union down. He is famous for standing at Brandenburg Gate and saying, "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall." Reagan was the second to last President in the Cold War.
1911-2004
Reagan opened up many talks with Premier Gorbachev which went hand in hand with the new policies in the USSR.
3. John F. Kennedy
The 35th President of the U.S. witnessed firsthand the real possibilities of intercontinental war through the acts of the USSR, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Space Race, and the construction of the Berlin Wall.
1917-1963
John F. Kennedy was fighting the Cold War on many sides from Berlin to Cuba to even space.
4. Nikita Khrushchev
A more "liberal" Soviet leader after Stalin, Khrushchev introduced de-Stalinization. Khrushchev's policies earned the nickname of his reign as the Khrushchev Thaw.
1894-1971
Although Khrushchev sought much peace in the USSR, he had many foreign policies that did not go well with the U.S., such as putting nuclear warheads on Cuba and erecting the Berlin Wall.
5. Leonid Brezhnev
Secretary General to the Soviet Union. Leader of the soviet Union in foreign affairs, while attempting to spread Communism became involved in the Middle-East though could not defeat the Afghani resistance in the Middle East. Attempted as well to meet with western governments to maintain the USSR as a superpower.
1964-1982
Failed in making the Russia influential in western politics.
6. Mikhail Gorbachev
The first and only President of the Soviet Union and the last leader of the Soviet Union, Gorbachev was what gave many satellite nations hope when he set them free, so to speak.
1931-
Gorbachev offered many new reforms to the Soviet Union, such as Glasnost and Perestroika, he also opened relations up to the U.S., set satellite nations to be led by themselves.7. Boris Yeltzin
Russia's first elected president. Supported free market economics, though the economy failed and maintained a poor condition, it was welcomed by citizens who saw it as a no go back point to communism.
r. 1991-1999
was succeeded by Vladimir Putin who returned to Conservative Russia customs.
8. Mao Zedong
Communist leader of China from a successful coup from over throwing the pro-American imperialist government lead by Chiang Kai-Shek. Mao Zedong is responsible for mass starvation of Chinese. Mao would also suppress protest violently exemplary in Tienanmen square where thousands were killed.
1893-1976
China becomes a Communist state with support of the Soviet Union.
9. Margret Thatcher
First Female Prime Minister. Also first prime minister to serve three consecutive terms. Known as the Iron Lady for her firm laws and inflexibility while dealing with the Soviet Union. Made strides towards improving England's economy which was still suffering from post world war two devastation.
b. 1925 r. 1979-1990
conservative leader of England who dealt with the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
10. Charles de Gaulles
While the Vichy Government was in place in France lead the resistance movement against the Germans. Led the fifth republic in France as the President. Also aided in De-colonization of Africa helping the natives to be released from European rule.
b. 1890 r.1959-1969
Liberated France from the Nazis, and also freed many African countries.
Top Ten Events/ Ideas
1. Espionage
Cold war Espionage started during the second world war with Stalin ordering the tapping of the allied forces rooms at the Yalta Peace Conference and has likely occurred at every conference since up til the Cold war where the United States became aware and retaliated.. Espionage in cold war era had the basis of wire tapping and ease dropping.
1945-1993
Because of the information gathered through Espionage the competition between the two countries escalated at a pace that mirror if they were working together.
2. Iron Curtain
In a post world war two speech from Winston Churchill warned of the expansion of Communism under the USSR across Europe describing the wall that separated Eastern communist Europe and Western Democratic Europe. Also shortly after this speech North Atlantic Trade Organization.
1946-later
Raised awareness and paranoia of the spread of the USSR, in the start of the red scare.
3. Truman DoctrineThe response to the rise of communism in eastern Europe from the United States. This was initiated by Harry Truman under the belief that the United States had to contain Communism under the belief of the Domino Effect that if one country would fall to Communism than they would all fall shorty after.
1947-1948
The United States enforced this policy by giving extremely large sums of Money to Impoverished countries attempting to open markets and stop Communism
4. Domino Theory
The belief that backed the Truman doctrine that if one democratic state would fall that the revolution would lead to a neighboring countries government to turn to Communism as so forth. Truman Doctrine sought to prevent this through the economic support of Eastern block nations
1950's
Lead to the escalation of the Cold War from democratic to more rivalry.
5. Operation Vittles
While Berlin was still split down the center by the Berlin Wall, the Leader of the Soviet German Government Honecker decided that in order for east Germany to get west Berlin to join it it had to cut off all its resources from land. This event turned into a catastrophe for West Berlin which had no farms electricity gas or any resources relied solely on the Operation to provide supplies.
1948
This went on for nearly a year air lifting everything the city needed including coal and gas which would have came in trains.
6. Berlin Wall
Part of the post WWII compromises was the splitting of Germany into a western democratic area as well as a Soviet Eastern bloc which inside it contained Berlin which was separated the same way. In order for the Soviet Party to keep people from going to the democratic west they built a wall which split the city down the middle. The communist party used this wall during the Berlin airlift.
1961-1989
The Berlin Wall was the epitome of Soviet power in Germany and once it came down the authority of the USSR fell. 3. Glasnost and Perestroika
7. MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction)
Mutually Assured Destruction, the theoretical plan for nuclear warfare with the Soviet Union that also prevented all out warfare with the Soviet Union that each superpower had enough firepower to safely assume that the other would not survive if they launched Nuclear bombs.
1960's
This not only influenced the stock piling of nuclear weapons also influenced the arms race for traditional weapons like guns and rockets.
8. Bay of Pigs
One of the most notable satellite war of the Cold War between the USSR and the US. The US supporting the Democratic Revolutionary Front who were a dissident militia group against Castro and the Soviet Union supporting Castro. Kennedy and the CIA ordered the invasion of the US military base to stop the restriction on the US presence in Cuba.
1961
This event was unsuccessful for the US giving Castro more to criticize the US with and bringing the Soviet Union closer to Cuba.
9. Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cuban missile Crisis originated as Fidel Castro as a non extremest Socialist allying with Stalin and the USSR. The Soviet Union began the building of Missile Silos on Cuba preparing the movement of nuclear weapons in Cuba. The US became aware of the shipment and stopped the importation in a critical standoff between Kennedy and Stalin.
1962
Resulted in the armistice agreement between the Soviet Union and the United States.
10. Glasnost and Perestroika
Russia development plan lead by reformer, Mikhail Gorbachev. Glasnost meaning openness which allowed greater freedom of speech in the Soviet Union. Perestroika meaning reconstruction after years of economic poverty Gorbachev passed Perestroika which allowed greater market freedom. These two laws are recognized as ending the Cold War with the Soviet Union
1980's
caused the disintegration of the USSR
Cold war Espionage started during the second world war with Stalin ordering the tapping of the allied forces rooms at the Yalta Peace Conference and has likely occurred at every conference since up til the Cold war where the United States became aware and retaliated.. Espionage in cold war era had the basis of wire tapping and ease dropping.
1945-1993
Because of the information gathered through Espionage the competition between the two countries escalated at a pace that mirror if they were working together.
2. Iron Curtain
In a post world war two speech from Winston Churchill warned of the expansion of Communism under the USSR across Europe describing the wall that separated Eastern communist Europe and Western Democratic Europe. Also shortly after this speech North Atlantic Trade Organization.
1946-later
Raised awareness and paranoia of the spread of the USSR, in the start of the red scare.
3. Truman DoctrineThe response to the rise of communism in eastern Europe from the United States. This was initiated by Harry Truman under the belief that the United States had to contain Communism under the belief of the Domino Effect that if one country would fall to Communism than they would all fall shorty after.
1947-1948
The United States enforced this policy by giving extremely large sums of Money to Impoverished countries attempting to open markets and stop Communism
4. Domino Theory
The belief that backed the Truman doctrine that if one democratic state would fall that the revolution would lead to a neighboring countries government to turn to Communism as so forth. Truman Doctrine sought to prevent this through the economic support of Eastern block nations
1950's
Lead to the escalation of the Cold War from democratic to more rivalry.
5. Operation Vittles
While Berlin was still split down the center by the Berlin Wall, the Leader of the Soviet German Government Honecker decided that in order for east Germany to get west Berlin to join it it had to cut off all its resources from land. This event turned into a catastrophe for West Berlin which had no farms electricity gas or any resources relied solely on the Operation to provide supplies.
1948
This went on for nearly a year air lifting everything the city needed including coal and gas which would have came in trains.
6. Berlin Wall
Part of the post WWII compromises was the splitting of Germany into a western democratic area as well as a Soviet Eastern bloc which inside it contained Berlin which was separated the same way. In order for the Soviet Party to keep people from going to the democratic west they built a wall which split the city down the middle. The communist party used this wall during the Berlin airlift.
1961-1989
The Berlin Wall was the epitome of Soviet power in Germany and once it came down the authority of the USSR fell. 3. Glasnost and Perestroika
7. MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction)
Mutually Assured Destruction, the theoretical plan for nuclear warfare with the Soviet Union that also prevented all out warfare with the Soviet Union that each superpower had enough firepower to safely assume that the other would not survive if they launched Nuclear bombs.
1960's
This not only influenced the stock piling of nuclear weapons also influenced the arms race for traditional weapons like guns and rockets.
8. Bay of Pigs
One of the most notable satellite war of the Cold War between the USSR and the US. The US supporting the Democratic Revolutionary Front who were a dissident militia group against Castro and the Soviet Union supporting Castro. Kennedy and the CIA ordered the invasion of the US military base to stop the restriction on the US presence in Cuba.
1961
This event was unsuccessful for the US giving Castro more to criticize the US with and bringing the Soviet Union closer to Cuba.
9. Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cuban missile Crisis originated as Fidel Castro as a non extremest Socialist allying with Stalin and the USSR. The Soviet Union began the building of Missile Silos on Cuba preparing the movement of nuclear weapons in Cuba. The US became aware of the shipment and stopped the importation in a critical standoff between Kennedy and Stalin.
1962
Resulted in the armistice agreement between the Soviet Union and the United States.
10. Glasnost and Perestroika
Russia development plan lead by reformer, Mikhail Gorbachev. Glasnost meaning openness which allowed greater freedom of speech in the Soviet Union. Perestroika meaning reconstruction after years of economic poverty Gorbachev passed Perestroika which allowed greater market freedom. These two laws are recognized as ending the Cold War with the Soviet Union
1980's
caused the disintegration of the USSR
Top Dog Analysis
Joseph Stalin
Josef Stalin a master of party in fighting, deception, propaganda, and most important in his timing. Joseph Stalin who started life under humble origins with his mother’s intent for Stalin to be a religious seminary. Stalin was expelled from the order leading to his joining of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party, which followed political philosophy of Marxism. While part of this organization Stalin discovered Vladimir Lenin and followed him as Lenin formed his Bolshevik party. Stalin arose through the ranks of the Bolshevik party quickly by organizing strikes and spreading propaganda. Lenin supported Stalin in his early career and gave Stalin the position of General Secretary, with which Stalin gave positions to allies. As General Secretary Stalin became close Lenin and after Lenin’s stroke which lead to his lapse as party leader. During which Stalin and his allies visited Lenin often until his death in 1924. Lenin attempted to Stop Stalin in his final testament which from Stalin’s political maneuvering was capable of suppressing. Stalin than as one of the highest ranking party officials in the politburo was in an election where his main competition was with Trotsky. By avoiding a war of insurgence with China by aiding the regional communist leader, in turn gained an ally once the democratic government was overthrown. Giving Stalin a major accomplishment to aid in his campaign for party chair. Once party leader consolidating power to become the uncontested commander of Russia. As leader Stalin started his own policies such as the Five Year Plan which sought to bring Russia into a Industrial Revolution and match European powers for technologies in a small five year program. While this was on going Stalin intiated massive projects like the Moscow-Volga Canal which was built entirely by prisoners from the Gulags. Combined with Propaganda Stalin appeared larger than life to Russian citizen who followed his lead til his death in 1953.
Josef Stalin a master of party in fighting, deception, propaganda, and most important in his timing. Joseph Stalin who started life under humble origins with his mother’s intent for Stalin to be a religious seminary. Stalin was expelled from the order leading to his joining of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party, which followed political philosophy of Marxism. While part of this organization Stalin discovered Vladimir Lenin and followed him as Lenin formed his Bolshevik party. Stalin arose through the ranks of the Bolshevik party quickly by organizing strikes and spreading propaganda. Lenin supported Stalin in his early career and gave Stalin the position of General Secretary, with which Stalin gave positions to allies. As General Secretary Stalin became close Lenin and after Lenin’s stroke which lead to his lapse as party leader. During which Stalin and his allies visited Lenin often until his death in 1924. Lenin attempted to Stop Stalin in his final testament which from Stalin’s political maneuvering was capable of suppressing. Stalin than as one of the highest ranking party officials in the politburo was in an election where his main competition was with Trotsky. By avoiding a war of insurgence with China by aiding the regional communist leader, in turn gained an ally once the democratic government was overthrown. Giving Stalin a major accomplishment to aid in his campaign for party chair. Once party leader consolidating power to become the uncontested commander of Russia. As leader Stalin started his own policies such as the Five Year Plan which sought to bring Russia into a Industrial Revolution and match European powers for technologies in a small five year program. While this was on going Stalin intiated massive projects like the Moscow-Volga Canal which was built entirely by prisoners from the Gulags. Combined with Propaganda Stalin appeared larger than life to Russian citizen who followed his lead til his death in 1953.
Gallery
In this Soviet propaganda piece it aims to show Lenin as another Russian similar to the generic men and women placed in the foreground. This art was used in indoctrination to loyalty to the communist agenda and beliefs.
1948: the picture of an american cargo plane descending into West Berlin over the heads of trapped west Berliners. The Berlin airlift was the only way for West Berliners to receive food after they were blockaded, making the shipments a necessity to survive.
1956: The Hungarian revolution which came as a spontaneous nationwide uprising against the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, USSR, which was unsuccessful in liberating Hungary though weakened the legitimacy of the USSR in Eastern Bloc Nations.
1961-current: the Spy v. Spy comic originated from Mad in which a metaphor for the Cold war was developed in the form of this comic in which the escalating violence is fed of each other.
1989: The Berlin Wall came down after a speech in Russia from Mikhail Gorbachev in which he stated that the wall no longer needed to be secured, in a spontaneous uprising later that night protester began individually dismantling the wall, leading to reform in German policy and the opening of the roads.
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aprx. 1950's this political cartoon depicts Stalin coughing on a pipe with the soviet union crest on it with Truman doctrine in the bowl being the cause of his cough. The cartoon was an american cartoon attempting to rouse support for Truman Doctrine that it's successful in limiting Stalin.
1961: The Berlin Wall was built during soviet re-Stalinization as a second strategy aimed at eventually getting West Berlin to Join the Soviet East Germany.
1968: The conclusion to the space race was coming after Russia and the United States set its goal on putting a man on the moon, which the United States succeeded in. The space race to the moon came as a result of Kennedy's goal of the moon in the early 1960's.
1951: Bert the turtle was a teacher's aid in the united States during the cold war, its goal was to make students aware of the possibility of nuclear war in a non-threatening fashion.
Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev are shaking hands, which signified the end to the Cold War between the two nations although tensions remained high.
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